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An engineer's spirit level (or machinist's level) is generally used to level machines, although they may be used to level large workpieces on machines such as planers. Spirit levels are also used in building construction by carpenters and masons. The upper image is a ''plain'' precision level used in the engineering field to level machines or workpieces; the lower image shows an adjustable precision level that has an accuracy of 1:10000. The adjustable nature of this level can also be used to measure the inclination of an object. The accuracy of a spirit level can be checked by placing it on any flat surface, marking the bubble's position and rotating the level 180°. The position of the bubble should then be symmetrical to the first reading. Machinist's levels provide screw mechanisms to center the bubbles. Some levels have V grooves machined along their bases, enabling the level to sit on a round bar while remaining parallel with the bar's axis. They also have smaller cross levels to enable the second axes to be roughly checked or corrected and to ensure the primary axes' bubbles are at the tops of the vials. A precision level (1:24000) is used to check the installation of precision machine tools in two axes. A lathe is manufactured with its base in a level plane and if it is not installed level distortions in the frame cause machining errors. Small milling machines are often roughly leveled but large mills are installed level. A worn lathe may have a twist introduced to the machine's bed to ensure that it turns parallel to the spindle axis, by twisting the bed (that is worn) to the spindle axis. A lathe has several leveling screws. Usually, such a fix has limited utility for only part of the cutting tool (carriage) travel. A lathe usually requires two or more leveling trials as the machine castings "settle into" the adjustments. Leveling a ship's lathe would be unnecessary due to the nature of the ship's base—floating on water. However, the base of the lathe needs to be in the original manufactured plane to turn accurately and securely bolted to the deck. Very large machine tools are set on isolated concrete foundations and securely bolted to them to reduce vibrations and the possibility of movement from vibrations. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Engineer's spirit level」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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